Tooth decay is one of the most common diseases worldwide, affecting around 90% of the population. This oral health condition occurs when bacteria in the mouth break down food debris, producing acids that wear away the tooth enamel. Over time, this process creates cavities that can compromise the structure of the tooth if not properly treated.

Tooth decay affects people of all ages. When left untreated, it can cause severe pain, difficulty chewing, bad breath, infections and even tooth loss. Risk factors include frequent sugar consumption, poor oral hygiene and a lack of regular dental check-ups.

In this article, we explain what tooth decay is, how it develops, when it can occur and which habits can help prevent it.

At What Age Should We Start Paying Attention?

Tooth decay can develop as soon as a baby’s first teeth appear. Therefore, prevention should begin as soon as the first teeth erupt. Specialists recommend a child’s first dental visit at around one year of age. Encouraging good oral hygiene habits from an early age is essential for maintaining healthy teeth throughout life.

How Does Tooth Decay Develop?

Dental plaque begins to form around 20 minutes after a meal, when food debris, bacteria, saliva and acids combine on the surface of the teeth. If it is not properly removed, this plaque can damage the teeth and gums.

Bacteria feed on the sugars present in food and produce acids that erode tooth enamel. Frequent consumption of sweets or carbohydrates — especially between meals or before bedtime — increases the risk of developing tooth decay.

How Can Tooth Decay Be Prevented?

Adopting healthy daily habits is the best way to prevent tooth decay. Key preventive measures include:

• Brushing your teeth properly at least twice a day;
• Flossing daily;
• Reducing sugar consumption;
• Having regular dental check-ups for professional cleaning and monitoring.
• Professional dental care reinforces the effectiveness of these habits at every stage of life. Read more about the 5 oral hygiene habits for healthy teeth and gums here.

How Is Tooth Decay Treated?

The treatment of tooth decay depends on the stage of the lesion. When diagnosed at an early stage, tooth decay can be reversed with fluoride products that strengthen the enamel. When a cavity has already developed, the dentist removes the affected tissue and restores the tooth with composite resin.

If the lesion reaches the dental pulp, root canal treatment is necessary to prevent infection and preserve the tooth structure. At IDC.Clinic, we offer:

• Endodontics: to treat infections affecting the dental pulp;
• Restorative Dentistry: for functional and aesthetic dental restorations;
• Oral Hygiene: to prevent new cavities and keep your teeth clean.

Conclusion

Tooth decay is a silent but highly preventable condition. With good oral hygiene habits and regular dental care, it is possible to prevent tooth decay or treat it before it causes more serious damage.

Book an appointment with our oral health specialists and receive a personalised care plan.

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